The Evidence on Teaching

Meta-Analysis of Inquiry-Based Learning: Effects of Guidance

Lazonder, A. W., & Harmsen, R. · 2016

grade Cmeta-analysisindependentreplicated
Sample
72 studies
Population
Children through adults; inquiry/discovery tasks (mixed lab/classroom); proximal outcomes.
Design
Isolates the guidance contrast (guided vs less/unguided inquiry), coded by specificity.
Key findings
Guidance reliably helps inquiry at every age (outcomes d=0.50), with novices needing more specific guidance. The effective ingredient in 'inquiry' is scaffolding, not minimal-guidance discovery.
Genetic confound
Domain outcomes; the interaction is developmental/prior-knowledge, not g.
Replication notes
Directly supports the guidance-x-expertise reading; converges with KSC's novice claim.
DOI / URL
10.3102/0034654315627366

Effects

OutcomeMetricValueMeasureTimingVsHorizonClass
Guidance effect on learning outcomesd0.50 [0.37,0.62]researcher-designedimmediate; mixed lab/classroomactive-alternativeend-of-treatmentdomain-skill
Guidance effect on task successd0.71 [0.52,0.90]researcher-designedimmediateactive-alternativeend-of-treatmentdomain-skill
Guidance typedirectionyounger/novice learners need MORE specific guidance to succeedresearcher-designedimmediateactive-alternativeend-of-treatmentdomain-skill

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