Age Constraints on Second-Language Acquisition
Flege JE, Yeni-Komshian GH, Liu S · 1999
grade Cquasi-experimentindependentunclear
Sample
Korean-English bilinguals differing in age of arrival (exact n not obtained)
Population
Native Korean speakers resident in the United States, differing in age of arrival
Design
Frequently cited for the claim that age effects on PRONUNCIATION and age effects on MORPHOSYNTAX have different sources - accent tracking age of arrival continuously while grammar effects shrink once amount of L1/L2 use and education are controlled. Recorded here because that distinction is load-bearing for the topic, but the paper itself could not be obtained.
Key findings
Not extracted. No abstract is registered with Crossref and the full text was behind a paywall at every route attempted, so no numbers from this paper are used anywhere in this archive.
Genetic confound
Unassessed - the paper was not read.
Replication notes
Not assessed; the paper was not read.
Effects
| Outcome | Metric | Value | Measure | Timing | Vs | Horizon | Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age-of-arrival effects on pronunciation versus morphosyntax | not extracted | not extracted - paper inaccessible | unknown | unknown | unclear | unclear | unclear |