The Evidence on Teaching

Genome-Wide Linkage Scan for Athlete Status in 700 British Female DZ Twin Pairs

De Moor MHM, Spector TD, Cherkas LF, Falchi M, Hottenga JJ, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC · 2007

grade Ctwin-adoptionindependentunreplicated
Sample
4,488 female twins (793 MZ, 1,000 DZ pairs); 700 DZ pairs genotyped
Population
Adult female twins, TwinsUK registry; 'elite' = competed at county or national level
Design
Self-reported competition history in a female-only registry; 1,946 markers (736 microsatellites, 1,210 SNPs) in DZ pairs. Linkage is underpowered by modern GWAS standards.
Key findings
Heritability of athlete status estimated at 66%. Genome-wide linkage in 700 DZ pairs produced only suggestive peaks (3q22-q24 near SLC9A9; 4q31-q34), no genome-wide significant locus. High twin heritability with no locatable genes: the missing-heritability pattern typical of athletic attainment.
Genetic confound
Twin design handles genetic confounding, but the phenotype blends ability with willingness to compete, so h2 partly indexes heritable participation propensity.

Effects

OutcomeMetricValueMeasureTimingVsHorizonClass
Athlete status (ever competed; county/national level)h2 (liability)66%researcher-designedadulthood, retrospective self-reportnonenot-applicableattainment
Linkage signal for athlete statuslinkage peakssuggestive only: 3q22-q24 (SLC9A9) and 4q31-q34; none genome-wide significantstandardizedcross-sectional genotypingnonenot-applicableattainment

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