The Evidence on Teaching

Learning Geometry Problem Solving by Studying Worked Examples: Effects of Learner Guidance and Expertise

Bokosmaty, S., Sweller, J., & Kalyuga, S. · 2015

grade Brctdeveloper-ledreplicated
Sample
High-school geometry students
Population
High-school geometry (theorem-based proofs); novices vs more-knowledgeable learners.
Design
Classroom-based randomized experiments crossing guidance amount with expertise — an authentic-content test of worked-example expertise reversal.
Key findings
Expertise reversal in authentic classroom geometry: novices benefit from fully-guided worked examples, but for learners who have partly acquired the theorems the extra step guidance becomes redundant and depresses performance. Match guidance to prior knowledge; fade it as expertise grows.
Genetic confound
Prior-knowledge interaction, not ability/g.
Replication notes
Replicates worked-example expertise reversal in an authentic school subject with real classroom students.
DOI / URL
10.3102/0002831214549450

Effects

OutcomeMetricValueMeasureTimingVsHorizonClass
Novices: full theorem+step worked examples vs less guidancedirectionfull-guidance worked examples superior for novicesresearcher-designedimmediate; classroomactive-alternativeend-of-treatmentdomain-skill
More knowledgeable learners: added step guidanceinteractionadded guidance INHIBITS performance (redundant) — expertise reversalresearcher-designedimmediate; classroomactive-alternativeend-of-treatmentdomain-skill

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