Pre-kindergarten attendance matters: Early chronic absence patterns and relationships to learning outcomes

unknown - could not be established

Chicago pre-kindergarten students

Could not be read. Elsevier deposits no abstract for this DOI with Crossref or Semantic Scholar, and ScienceDirect returned HTTP 403. Sought as a representative of the descriptive early-grades chronic-absence literature that supplies the "attendance matters" policy premise. The title itself announces "relationships to learning outcomes", i.e. an association rather than a causal estimate, but the design and magnitudes are unverified here.

Not established. Not used as evidence anywhere in the topic.

Unassessable without access. A pre-K attendance-achievement association would be among the most confounded estimates in this literature, since pre-K attendance is almost entirely a parental behaviour and is not compulsory.