The Evidence on Teaching

Maimonides' Rule and its Redux: the class-size RD replication failure

Angrist, J., & Lavy, V. (1999); Angrist, J., Lavy, V., Leder-Luis, J., & Shany, A. (2019) · 2019

grade Breplicationindependentfailednumbers spot-checked
Sample
1991 data vs 2002-11: 243,213 students / 8,944 classes
Population
Israeli 4th-5th graders; 40-pupil cap RD.
Design
Same rule, same country, same estimator, two decades apart.
Key findings
Class-size effects are context-dependent, not a constant of nature: the founding RD's large effect became a precise zero in the same country two decades later.
Genetic confound
Enrollment-cutoff variation orthogonal to family background; sorting detected but shown innocuous.
Replication notes
One of the most consequential replication failures in education economics. (Note: units differ across eras — class-level vs student-level SD — so the figures aren't directly comparable, but the zero is unambiguous.)
DOI / URL
10.1257/aeri.20180120

Effects

OutcomeMetricValueMeasureTimingVsHorizonClass
1991: 5th-grade readingES~0.25 SD (class-level) per 8-student reductionstandardizedend of yearbusiness-as-usualend-of-treatmentdomain-skill
2002-11: same designESPRECISELY ESTIMATED ZEROS (SE ~0.002 SD/student; excludes effects 1/10th the 1991 size)standardizedend of yearbusiness-as-usualend-of-treatmentdomain-skill

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