The Direct Instruction Follow Through Model: Design and Outcomes - Engelmann, S; Becker, WC; Carnine, D; Gersten, R (1988)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade C

Teaching Elementary Students Who Speak Black English Vernacular to Write in Standard English: Effects of Dialect Transformation Practice - Fogel, H; Ehri, LC (2000)
rct; evidence grade C

Using sentence dictation to practise and assess taught spelling and punctuation skills: a Year 2 Explicit Instruction intervention - Robinson-Kooi, S; Hammond, LS (2020)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade D

Effects of Computerized Instruction on the Use of Punctuation Strategies by Students with LD - Schumaker, JB; Fisher, JB; Walsh, LD (2019)
rct; evidence grade C

The Challenge of Improving Children's Writing Ability: A Randomized Evaluation of "Writing Wings" - Puma, M; Tarkow, A; Puma, A (2007)
rct; evidence grade B

Cognitive science Teacher Choices trial: Using examples to teach grammar to Year 7. Evaluation report - Aston, K; Smith, A; Liht, J; Bradley, E; Ager, R; Thomas, M; Tolmie, A; Watson, A; Poet, H (2025)
rct; evidence grade B

When Is a Verb? Using Functional Grammar to Teach Writing - Fearn, L; Farnan, N (2007)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade D

Teaching Elementary School Students to Be Effective Writers: A Practice Guide. NCEE 2012-4058 - Graham, S; Bollinger, A; Booth Olson, C; D'Aoust, C; MacArthur, C; McCutchen, D; Olinghouse, N (2012)
review; evidence grade C

A Review of Teaching Sentence-Level Writing Skills to Students With Writing Difficulties and Learning Disabilities - Datchuk, SM; Kubina, RM (2013)
review; evidence grade C

EFFECTS OF GENERALIZATION INSTRUCTION ON THE WRITTEN LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE OF ADOLESCENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES IN THE MAINSTREAM CLASSROOM - Schmidt, JL; Deshler, DD; Schumaker, JB; Alley, GR (1988)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade D

The Effects of Contingency Contracts on the Correct Use of Punctuation Marks in Elementary Students With Learning Disabilities - Grünke, M (2019)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade D

Capital Gains: Effects of Word Class and Sentence Position on Capitalization Use Across Age - Hawkey, E; Palmer, MA; Kemp, N (2025)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade D

Apostrophes, Quotation Marks, and Periods: Learning Punctuation in the First Grade - Cordeiro, P; Giacobbe, ME; Cazden, C (1983)
longitudinal; evidence grade D

The nature of error in adolescent student writing - Wilcox, KC; Yagelski, R; Yu, F (2014)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade D

How effective is feedback for L1, L2, and FL learners’ writing? A meta-analysis - Scherer, S; Graham, S; Busse, V (2024)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Can algorithm-based feedback help students to write better? A meta-analysis exploring surface- and deep-level outcomes - Scherer, S; Graham, S; Busse, V (2026)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Evidence on the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Error Correction in Second Language Writing - Van Beuningen, CG; De Jong, NH; Kuiken, F (2012)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade C

Error correction, revision, and learning - Truscott, J; Hsu, AY (2008)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade C

The effect of error correction on learners’ ability to write accurately - Truscott, J (2007)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

The Efficacy of Written Corrective Feedback in Improving L2 Written Accuracy: A Meta‐Analysis - Kang, E; Han, Z (2015)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Grammar for Writing: Evaluation report and executive summary - Tracey, L; Boehnke, JR; Elliott, L; Thorley, K; Ellison, S; Bowyer-Crane, C (2019)
rct; evidence grade B

Calderdale Excellence Partnership: IPEELL. Evaluation report and executive summary - Torgerson, CJ; Ainsworth, H; Bell, K; Elliott, L; Fountain, I; Gascoine, L; Hewitt, CE; Kasim, A; Kokotsaki, D; Torgerson, DJ (2018)
rct; evidence grade B

Teaching grammar and writing: A randomised controlled trial and implementation process evaluation of Englicious - Wyse, D; Aarts, B; Anders, J; De Gennaro, A; Dockrell, J; Manyukhina, Y; Sing, S; Torgerson, C (2026)
rct; evidence grade B

Does spelling instruction make students better spellers, readers, and writers? A meta-analytic review - Graham, S; Santangelo, T (2014)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Writing instruction improves students’ writing skills differentially depending on focal instruction and children: A meta-analysis for primary grade students - Kim, YSG; Yang, D; Reyes, M; Connor, C (2021)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

A meta-analysis of single subject design writing intervention research. - Rogers, LA; Graham, S (2008)
meta-analysis; evidence grade D

A Quantitative Synthesis of Research on Writing Approaches in Grades 2 to 12. Best Evidence Encyclopedia (BEE) - Slavin, RE; Lake, C; Inns, A; Baye, A; Dachet, D; Haslam, J (2019)
meta-analysis; evidence grade B

Genetic and environmental influences on writing and their relations to language and reading - Olson, RK; Hulslander, J; Christopher, M; Keenan, JM; Wadsworth, SJ; Willcutt, EG; Pennington, BF; DeFries, JC (2013)
twin-adoption; evidence grade B