Effect of providing free glasses on children's educational outcomes in China - cluster randomized controlled trial - Ma, X; Zhou, Z; Yi, H; Pang, X; Shi, Y; Chen, Q; Meltzer, ME; le Cessie, S; He, M; Rozelle, S; Liu, Y; Congdon, N (2014)
rct; evidence grade B

A better vision for development - Eyeglasses and academic performance in rural primary schools in China - Glewwe, P; Park, A; Zhao, M (2016)
rct; evidence grade B

The Impact of Providing Vision Screening and Free Eyeglasses on Academic Outcomes - Evidence from a Randomized Trial in Title I Elementary Schools in Florida - Glewwe, P; West, KL; Lee, J (2018)
rct; evidence grade B

Effect of a Randomized Interventional School-Based Vision Program on Academic Performance of Students in Grades 3 to 7 - A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial (Vision for Baltimore) - Neitzel, AJ; Wolf, B; Guo, X; Shakarchi, AF; Madden, NA; Repka, MX; Friedman, DS; Collins, ME (2021)
rct; evidence grade B

Effect of a Local Vision Care Center on Eyeglasses Use and School Performance in Rural China - A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial - Ma, Y; Congdon, N; Shi, Y; Hogg, R; Medina, A; Boswell, M; Rozelle, S; Iyer, M (2018)
rct; evidence grade C

Impact of Free Glasses and a Teacher Incentive on Children's Use of Eyeglasses - A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial - Yi, H; Zhang, H; Ma, X; Zhang, L; Wang, X; Jin, L; Naidoo, K; Minto, H; Zou, H; Lu, L; Rozelle, S; Congdon, N (2015)
rct; evidence grade B

Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China - A Randomized Clinical Trial - He, M; Xiang, F; Zeng, Y; Mai, J; Chen, Q; Zhang, J; Smith, W; Rose, K; Morgan, IG (2015)
rct; evidence grade B

Time Outdoors in Reducing Myopia - A School-Based Cluster Randomized Trial with Objective Monitoring of Outdoor Time and Light Intensity (STORM) - He, X; Sankaridurg, P; Wang, J; Chen, J; Naduvilath, T; He, M; Zhu, Z; Li, W; Morgan, IG; Xiong, S; Zhu, J; Zou, H; et al. (2022)
rct; evidence grade A

Myopia Prevention and Outdoor Light Intensity in a School-Based Cluster Randomized Trial - Wu, PC; Chen, CT; Lin, KK; Sun, CC; Kuo, CN; Huang, HM; Poon, YC; Yang, ML; Chen, CY; Huang, JC; Wu, PC; Yang, IH; et al. (2018)
rct; evidence grade C

Interventions to increase time spent outdoors for preventing incidence and progression of myopia in children (Cochrane systematic review) - Kido, A; Miyake, M; Watanabe, N (2024)
meta-analysis; evidence grade B

Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control - a meta-analysis and systematic review - Xiong, S; Sankaridurg, P; Naduvilath, T; Zang, J; Zou, H; Zhu, J; Lv, M; He, X; Xu, X (2017)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Time spent outdoors as an intervention for myopia prevention and control in children - an overview of systematic reviews - Dhakal, R; Shah, R; Huntjens, B; Verkicharla, PK; Lawrenson, JG (2022)
review; evidence grade C

Time outdoors prevents myopia in hyperopic children, but protection is weaker in premyopic children - a post-hoc analysis of a cluster-randomised trial - Chen, J; Qi, Z; Morgan, I; Rose, K; Zhu, Z; Ding, X; Wang, J; Zhang, B; Du, L; Yang, J; Zhu, J; Gao, W; et al. (2026)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade C

Estimating heritability and shared environmental effects for refractive error in twin and family studies - Lopes, MC; Andrew, T; Carbonaro, F; Spector, TD; Hammond, CJ (2009)
twin-adoption; evidence grade B

Education and myopia - assessing the direction of causality by mendelian randomisation - Mountjoy, E; Davies, NM; Plotnikov, D; Davey Smith, G; Rodriguez, S; Williams, CE; Guggenheim, JA; Atan, D (2018)
natural-experiment; evidence grade B

Time Spent Outdoors Partly Accounts for the Effect of Education on Myopia - Clark, R; Kneepkens, SCM; Plotnikov, D; Shah, RL; Huang, Y; Tideman, JWL; Klaver, CCW; Atan, D; Williams, C; Guggenheim, JA; UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium (2023)
natural-experiment; evidence grade B

Genome-wide association meta-analysis highlights light-induced signaling as a driver for refractive error - Tedja, MS; Wojciechowski, R; Hysi, PG; Eriksson, N; Furlotte, NA; Verhoeven, VJM; Iglesias, AI; Meester-Smoor, MA; Tompson, SW; Fan, Q; Khawaja, AP; Cheng, CY; et al. (2018)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C