Career Academies: Long-Term Impacts on Labor Market Outcomes, Educational Attainment, and Transitions to Adulthood - Kemple, J. J.; Willner, C. J. (2008)
rct; evidence grade A

Career Academies: Impacts on Students' Engagement and Performance in High School - Kemple, J. J.; Snipes, J. C. (2000)
rct; evidence grade A

The Effects of Career and Technical Education: Evidence from the Connecticut Technical High School System - Brunner, E. J.; Dougherty, S. M.; Ross, S. L. (2023)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade B

The Effect of Career and Technical Education on Human Capital Accumulation: Causal Evidence from Massachusetts - Dougherty, S. M. (2018)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade B

Building bridges to life after high school: Contemporary career academies and student outcomes - Hemelt, S. W.; Lenard, M. A.; Paeplow, C. G. (2019)
natural-experiment; evidence grade B

P-TECH 9-14 Pathways to Success: Implementation, Impact, and Cost Findings from the New York City P-TECH 9-14 Schools Evaluation - Rosen, R.; Alterman, E.; Treskon, L.; Parise, L.; Dixon, M.; Wuest, C. (2023)
natural-experiment; evidence grade A

Labor Market Returns to Vocational Secondary Education - Silliman, M.; Virtanen, H. (2022)
quasi-experiment; evidence grade B

Improving Educational Pathways to Social Mobility: Evidence from Norway’s Reform 94 - Bertrand, M.; Mogstad, M.; Mountjoy, J. (2021)
natural-experiment; evidence grade B

General Education versus Vocational Training: Evidence from an Economy in Transition - Malamud, O.; Pop-Eleches, C. (2010)
natural-experiment; evidence grade B

General versus vocational education: Lessons from a quasi-experiment in Croatia - Žilić, I. (2018)
natural-experiment; evidence grade B

Wage effects of an extra year of basic vocational education - Oosterbeek, H.; Webbink, D. (2007)
natural-experiment; evidence grade C

General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor-Market Outcomes over the Lifecycle - Hanushek, E. A.; Schwerdt, G.; Woessmann, L.; Zhang, L. (2017)
longitudinal; evidence grade C

Vocational vs. General Education and Employment over the Life Cycle: New Evidence from PIAAC - Hampf, F.; Woessmann, L. (2017)
longitudinal; evidence grade C

Vocational Education and Employment over the Life Cycle - Forster, A. G.; Bol, T.; van de Werfhorst, H. G. (2016)
longitudinal; evidence grade D

Earnings over the Life Course: General versus Vocational Education - Golsteyn, B. H. H.; Stenberg, A. (2017)
longitudinal; evidence grade C

Vocational and Career Tech Education in American High Schools: The Value of Depth Over Breadth - Kreisman, D.; Stange, K. (2019)
longitudinal; evidence grade C

What We Know About the Impact of Career and Technical Education: A Systematic Review of the Research - Lindsay, J.; Hughes, K.; Dougherty, S. M.; Reese, K.; Joshi, M. (2024)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Labor market outcomes of formal vocational education and training: a meta-analysis - Kemper, J.; Au Yong Lyn, A.; McDonald, P.; Renold, U. (2025)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Heritability of interests: A twin study. - Lykken, D. T.; Bouchard; T. J. Jr.; McGue, M.; Tellegen, A. (1993)
twin-adoption; evidence grade B