Towards evidence-based music teaching and learning: A meta-analysis - Valache, DG; Ilie, MD; Sârbescu, P; Cazan, PI (2025)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

The effects of instruction on the singing ability of children ages 5 to 11: A meta-analysis - Svec, CL (2018)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

The Influence of Deliberate Practice on Musical Achievement: A Meta-Analysis - Platz, F.; Kopiez, R.; Lehmann, A. C.; Wolf, A. (2014)
meta-analysis; evidence grade C

Practice Does Not Make Perfect: No Causal Effect of Music Practice on Music Ability - Mosing, MA; Madison, G; Pedersen, NL; Kuja-Halkola, R; Ullén, F (2014)
twin-adoption; evidence grade B

Musical instrument engagement in adolescence predicts verbal ability 4 years later: A twin and adoption study. - Gustavson, DE; Friedman, NP; Stallings, MC; Reynolds, CA; Coon, H; Corley, RP; Hewitt, JK; Gordon, RL (2021)
twin-adoption; evidence grade B

Why Is an Early Start of Training Related to Musical Skills in Adulthood? A Genetically Informative Study - Wesseldijk, LW; Mosing, MA; Ullén, F (2021)
twin-adoption; evidence grade B